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Air Vortex Cannon:
A vortex cannon creates a ring-shaped blast of air, often called a vortex ring, by rapidly compressing and releasing air through a circular opening. The rapid compression causes the air to swirl and form a vortex, which then travels as a coherent ring due to the pressure difference between the fast-moving air inside the vortex and the slower-moving air outside.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
1. Compression:
- A vortex cannon typically consists of a container (like a garbage can or bottle) with an opening at one end.
- A flexible membrane (like a shower curtain or balloon) is attached to the opposite end.
- When the membrane is quickly pushed inward (e.g., by striking it or releasing a stretched balloon), it rapidly compresses the air inside the container.
2. Vortex Formation:
- This compressed air is forced out of the opening, creating a jet of air.
- The air molecules near the center of the opening move faster than those near the edges.
- This difference in speed creates a swirling motion, and the air begins to rotate around a central axis, forming a vortex ring.
3. Vortex Ring Stability:
- The vortex ring maintains its shape and stability as it travels because of the pressure difference between the fast-moving air inside the ring and the slower-moving air outside.
- The higher pressure outside the ring pushes inward, helping to hold the ring together, while the lower pressure inside allows the air to swirl around the center.
- As the vortex ring travels, it eventually dissipates due to friction with the surrounding air.
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